Subject-Verb Agreement
Subject-verb agreement means that a sentence's subject and verb must match in number. This fundamental rule ensures your writing is grammatically correct and easy to understand.
The Basic Rule
A singular subject takes a singular verb, and a plural subject takes a plural verb.
| Subject Type | Rule | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Singular Subject | Takes a singular verb. | The dog barks. |
| Plural Subject | Takes a plural verb. | The dogs bark. |
Special Cases and Exceptions
Grammar often has tricky situations. Here are some common exceptions to keep in mind.
Subjects Joined by "And"
If two subjects are joined by "and," they typically take a plural verb.
e.g., The cat and the dog are playing.
Subjects Joined by "Or/Nor"
The verb agrees with the subject closer to it.
e.g., Neither the students nor the teacher is happy.
Indefinite Pronouns
Pronouns like "each," "everyone," and "somebody" are singular. "Few," "many," and "several" are plural.
e.g., Everyone is ready. / Many are ready.
Collective Nouns
Words like "team," "family," or "group" are singular if the group acts as one unit, but plural if members act individually.
e.g., The team is winning. / The team are arguing.
Watch Out for Intervening Phrases
Example: "The box of chocolates is on the table." (The subject is "box," not "chocolates.")
Key Takeaways
- A singular subject needs a singular verb (e.g., she walks).
- A plural subject needs a plural verb (e.g., they walk).
- Pay close attention to subjects joined by "or/nor," indefinite pronouns, and collective nouns.
- Ignore words or phrases that come between the subject and the verb.
- Mastering this rule is a key step toward clear, professional writing.